The LM324 series are lowcost, quad operational amplifiers with true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as high as 32 V with quiescent currents about onefifth of those associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage. Short Circuited Protected Outputs True Differential Input Stage Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V (LM224, LM324, LM324A) Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A) Four Amplifiers Per Package